Managers and office busybodies might be keen on a clean desk - but it seems that in terms of productivity, they could have it all wrong.
辦公室經理以及好管閒事的人可能熱衷於維持乾淨的辦公桌--但是就生產力而言，他們很可能都想錯了。
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A messy desk can actually lead people towards clearer thinking, say researchers from Germany.
德國的研究人員說：混亂的桌子其實可以讓人走向更清晰的思考。
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The researchers found in a series of linked studies - using a messy desk and a messy shop front - that people actually thought more clearly when all around was chaos, as they sought to simplify the tasks at hand.
研究人員從一系列的相關研究－－使用混亂的桌子以及在混亂的店面－－發現：當人們想把手上的任務簡化時，處在混亂的環境中，會讓他們的思路更清楚。
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Visual and mental clutter forces human beings to focus and think more clearly.
視覺得心理的混亂，逼使人們思緒更集中，想得更清楚。
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Famous thinkers and writers such as Albert Einstein (pictured) and Roald Dahl have been notorious for their untidy desks.
有名的思想家及作者，例如愛因思坦和羅爾德‧達爾都因為他們髒亂的書桌而臭名遠播。
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'Messy desks may not be as detrimental as they appear to be, as the problem-solving approaches they seem to cause can boost work efficiency or enhance employees' creativity in problem solving,' say the authors.
作者說：「混亂的桌子可能不像表面上所見的那樣是有害的。作為解決問題的途徑，他們似乎可以提高工作效率，或是提高工作人員在解決問題時的創造力。」
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Oddly, the effect seems to work most on conservatives - political liberals are less liable to be worried about mess in the first place, say the researchers.
奇怪的是，這種效果在保守派身上最為明顯。混亂比較不是自由黨關心的主要問題。
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'Business and government managers often promote 'clean desk' policies to avoid disorganized offices and messy desks, for the purpose of boosting work efficiency and productivity,' write lead Jia Liu of the University of Groningen in a paper published in the Journal of Consumer Research.
Groningen 大學的 Jia Liu 在 Consumer Research 期刊上說：「企業與政府管理人員常推動『乾淨的桌子』的政策，以避免雜亂的辦公室和凌亂的書桌來提高工作效率和生產力」
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'This practice is based on the conventional wisdom that a disorganized and messy environment can clutter one's mind and complicate one's judgments.'
「這種做法是根據傳統的想法，認為在混亂及雜亂的環境中，會使人們的想思想混亂，並使人們的判斷變得複雜。」
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'However, not all evidence supports this conventional link between a messy environment and a messy mind.'
「然而，並非所有的證據都支持這個傳統的認知，認為混亂的環境和混亂的思緒之間有上述的關係。」
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Roald Dahl at work in his cluttered shed: Researchers found that cluttered desks actually help people to focus on the task at hand
The scientists tested people's response in various 'messy' environments - including a messy shop front, a disorganized desk, and even a work environment where a language task 'reminded' people of messiness.
科學家測試人們在各種混亂環境中的反應，包含混亂的店面，凌亂的書桌，甚至在一個混亂的工作環境中，用語言提醒人們正處在混亂。
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The authors found in the series of six studies tended towards simplicity in their thinking.
作者在一系列的六個研究中發現，他們的思維趨向簡化。
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The researchers found in a series of linked studies - using a messy desk and a messy shop front - that people actually thought more clearly when all around was chaos, as they sought to simplify the tasks at hand
'They categorized products in a simpler manner, were willing to pay more for a t-shirt that depicts a simple-looking picture, and sought less variety in their choices,' said the researchers.
研究人員說：「他們用較簡單的方法分類產生，願意為繪圖簡單的T恤付出更多的錢，而且他們的選擇會尋求較少的種類。」
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Oddly, the effect seems to be more profound dependent on your politics - because liberals, say the researchers, are generally less concerned about being disorganised.
研究人說說：「奇怪的是，這個結果似乎受到政治立場很深刻的影響，因為自由派一般較不在意混亂。」
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'Specifically, conservatives, when confronted with a messy environment (compared to a clean environment), were willing to pay more for a t-shirt with a simple-looking picture. Liberals' willingness to pay for this shirt was not affected by messiness,' the authors explain.
「尤其是，保守派，當面臨到混亂的環境時（與乾淨的環境相比）較願意為了簡單圖案的Ｔ恤付出更多的錢。自由派願意付出多少錢，則不受到混亂的影響。」
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